Building Chatbots using OpenAI GPT- 4 Preview and Python

Chatbots have revolutionized user interactions, providing intelligent and responsive interfaces in applications. In this comprehensive tutorial, we will guide you through creating a chatbot using the Tkinter library for the graphical user interface and OpenAI's GPT-4 Preview model for natural language processing.

Prerequisites

Before diving into the tutorial, ensure you have the following prerequisites:

1. Python: Make sure you have Python installed on your machine. You can download the latest version from the official Python website.

2. Tkinter Library: Tkinter is the standard GUI toolkit for Python and comes bundled with most Python installations. No separate installation is needed.

3. OpenAI GPT-4 Preview API Key: Sign up for access to the OpenAI GPT-4 Preview and obtain your API key. Use H2OGPTE to get the API Key.

4. H2OGPTE Library: Install the H2OGPTE library, which facilitates communication with the GPT-4 model.

Step 1: Set up Python Environment

Ensure Python is correctly installed on your machine.

Step 2: Acquire OpenAI GPT-4 Preview API Key

Sign up for access to the OpenAI GPT-4 Preview and obtain your API key.

Step 3: Install H2OGPTE Library

Install the H2OGPTE library to facilitate communication with the GPT-4 model.

pip install h2ogpte

Step 4: Write the Python Code

Create a Python script using the provided code below. Save it as a .py file.

import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import ttk

from h2ogpte import H2OGPTE



class ChatGPTApp:

    def __init__(self, master):

        self.master = master

        self.master.title("Building ChatGPT Like AI-Assistant")



        # Set up the H2OGPTE client

        self.API_KEY = "Your_API_Key"

        self.REMOTE_ADDRESS = "https://h2ogpte.genai.h2o.ai"

        self.client = H2OGPTE(address=self.REMOTE_ADDRESS, api_key=self.API_KEY)

        self.llm = "gpt-4-1106-preview"



        # Font style

        font_style = ('Arial', 12)



        # Chat history displayed in the app

        self.chat_history = []



        # Create a themed frame for the chat history

        self.chat_frame = ttk.Frame(master)

        self.chat_frame.pack(padx=10, pady=10, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)



        # Display chat history with a gap between window and responses

        self.chat_history_text = tk.Text(

            self.chat_frame, height=15, width=50, state=tk.DISABLED, wrap=tk.WORD,

            font=font_style, background="#e0f7fa", foreground="#000000")

        self.chat_history_text.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, pady=(0, 10))



        # Scrollbar for the chat history

        scrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(self.chat_frame, command=self.chat_history_text.yview)

        scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)

        self.chat_history_text.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)



        # Text input for user prompts

        self.user_input = ttk.Entry(master, width=50, font=font_style, foreground="#000000")

        self.user_input.pack(pady=10, padx=10, fill=tk.X)



        # Send button to send user prompts

        self.send_button = ttk.Button(master, text="Send", command=self.send_message, style="Send.TButton")

        self.send_button.pack(pady=10)



        # Bind Enter key to send_message function

        self.user_input.bind("", lambda event: self.send_message())



        # Configure font for the button

        self.master.option_add('*TButton*Font', font_style)



    def send_message(self):

        user_prompt = self.user_input.get().strip()

        if user_prompt:

            bot_response = self.get_bot_response(user_prompt)

            self.chat_history.append(("user", user_prompt))

            self.chat_history.append(("bot", bot_response))

            self.display_chat_history()



    def get_bot_response(self, prompt):

        return self.client.answer_question(question=prompt, llm=self.llm).content



    def display_chat_history(self):

        self.chat_history_text.config(state=tk.NORMAL)

        new_messages = self.chat_history[-2:]  

        for msg_type, message in new_messages:

            if msg_type == "user":

                self.chat_history_text.insert(tk.END, f"You: {message}\n", "user")

            else:

                self.chat_history_text.insert(tk.END, f"Bot: {message}\n\n", "bot")

        self.chat_history_text.config(state=tk.DISABLED)

        self.user_input.delete(0, tk.END)



if __name__ == "__main__":

    root = tk.Tk()

    app = ChatGPTApp(root)



    # Configure text widget tags for user and bot messages

    app.chat_history_text.tag_configure("user", foreground="#000000", justify="right")

    app.chat_history_text.tag_configure("bot", foreground="#0000FF", justify="left")



    root.mainloop()

Step 5: Detailed Explanation

Now, let's break down the key components of the code:

Line 1-2: Import Libraries

import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import ttk

from h2ogpte import H2OGPTE

• Imports the necessary libraries, including Tkinter for GUI components and H2OGPTE for communication with the GPT-4 model.
• 
  

Line 4-14: ChatGPTApp Class Initialization

class ChatGPTApp:

    def __init__(self, master):

        self.master = master

        self.master.title("Building ChatGPT Like AI-Assistant")

• Initializes the ChatGPTApp class with the Tkinter master window and sets the window title.
• 
  

Line 16-22: Set up H2OGPTE Client

        # Set up the H2OGPTE client

        self.API_KEY = "Your_API_Key"

        self.REMOTE_ADDRESS = "https://h2ogpte.genai.h2o.ai"

        self.client = H2OGPTE(address=self.REMOTE_ADDRESS, api_key=self.API_KEY)

        self.llm = "gpt-4-1106-preview"

• Configures the H2OGPTE client with the API key, remote address, and specifies the GPT-4 language model.
• 
  

Line 24-25: Font Style Definition

        # Font style

        font_style = ('Arial', 12)

• Sets up a font style for the GUI components.
• 
  

Line 27-34:

Chat History Initialization

        # Chat history displayed in the app

        self.chat_history = []  # Use a list to store messages in order

• Initializes an empty list to store chat history messages.
• 
  

Line 36-61: GUI Components Setup

        # Create a themed frame for the chat history

        self.chat_frame = ttk.Frame(master)

        self.chat_frame.pack(padx=10, pady=10, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)



        # Display chat history with a gap between window and responses

        self.chat_history_text = tk.Text(

            self.chat_frame, height=15, width=50, state=tk.DISABLED, wrap=tk.WORD,

            font=font_style, background="#e0f7fa", foreground="#000000")

        self.chat_history_text.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, pady=(0, 10))



        # Scrollbar for the chat history

        scrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(self.chat_frame, command=self.chat_history_text.yview)

        scrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)

        self.chat_history_text.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)

• Sets up the Tkinter GUI components, including the chat history display, input field, and buttons.
• 
  

Line 63-79: send_message Method

    def send_message(self):

        user_prompt = self.user_input.get().strip()

        if user_prompt:

            bot_response = self.get_bot_response(user_prompt)

            self.chat_history.append(("user", user_prompt))

            self.chat_history.append(("bot", bot_response))

            self.display_chat_history()

• Defines a method to handle sending user messages, getting bot responses, and updating the chat history display.
• 
  

Line 81-85: get_bot_response Method

    def get_bot_response(self, prompt):

        return self.client.answer_question(question=prompt, llm=self.llm).content

• Defines a method to interact with the GPT-4 model and obtain a response to the user's input.
• 
  

Line 87-103: display_chat_history Method

    def display_chat_history(self):

        self.chat_history_text.config(state=tk.NORMAL)

        new_messages = self.chat_history[-2:]  

        for msg_type, message in new_messages:

            if msg_type == "user":

                self.chat_history_text.insert(tk.END, f"You: {message}\n", "user")

            else:

                self.chat_history_text.insert(tk.END, f"Bot: {message}\n\n", "bot")

        self.chat_history_text.config(state=tk.DISABLED)

        self.user_input.delete(0, tk.END)

• Defines a method to update the chat history display with user and bot messages.
• 
  

Line 105-110: Main Application Execution

if __name__ == "__main__":

    root = tk.Tk()

    app = ChatGPTApp(root)



    # Configure text widget tags for user and bot messages

    app.chat_history_text.tag_configure("user", foreground="#000000", justify="right")

    app.chat_history_text.tag_configure("bot", foreground="#0000FF", justify="left")



    root.mainloop()

• Creates an instance of the ChatGPTApp class, configures tags for user and bot messages, and starts the Tkinter main loop.
• 
  

Main Application Execution Snapshots

This is how you can create a ChatGPT-Like bot using OpenAI API.

GitHub Repository Link: Click Here

Conclusion

This tutorial has guided you through the process of building a chatbot using Tkinter and the OpenAI GPT-4 Preview model. By understanding each line of code, you've gained valuable insights into creating a responsive and interactive chatbot interface.

Feel free to experiment further by customizing the GUI, exploring advanced features of the GPT-4 model, or integrating additional functionalities. This tutorial serves as a foundation for creating powerful and intelligent chatbot applications in Python. Happy coding!